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In the UK a tied house is a public house that is required to buy at least some of its beer from a particular brewery or pub company. This is in contrast to a free house, which is able to choose the beers it stocks freely. A report for the UK government described the tied pub system as "one of the most inter‐woven industrial relationships you can identify in the UK, with multiple streams of payments running in both directions, from the pub tenant to the pubco and vice versa, generally negotiated on a pub‐by‐pub basis."〔Modelling the impact of proposed policies on pubs and the pub sector, London Economics, December 2013, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/265460/Tied_Pubs_Final_Report.pdf〕 == Free and tied houses == The pub itself may be owned by the brewery or pub company in question, with the publican renting the pub from the brewery or pub company. This is termed a tenancy. Alternatively, the brewery may appoint a salaried manager while retaining ownership of the pub; this arrangement is a "managed house".〔House of Commons Library, Pub companies, pub tenants & pub closures, http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/sn06740.pdf〕 〔Ibid〕 Finally, a publican may finance the purchase of a pub with soft loans (usually a mortgage) from a brewer and be required to buy his beer from it in return. The traditional advantage of tied houses for breweries was the steadiness of demand they gave them; a tied house would not change its beer supplier suddenly, so the brewer had a consistent market for its beer production. However, this arrangement was sometimes disadvantageous to consumers, as when a regional brewer tied nearly every pub in an area so that it became very hard to drink anything but its beer. This was a form of monopoly opposed by CAMRA, especially when the brewer forced poor beer onto the market owing to the lack of competition from better breweries. Some or all drinks were then supplied by the brewery, including third party spirits and soft drinks, quite often at an uncompetitive price relative to those paid by free houses. From 1989-2003, some tied pubs in the UK were legally permitted to stock at least one guest beer from another brewery to give greater choice to drinkers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tied house」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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